2Cor 1:1 | Clarke | e4.org | THE SECOND EPISTLE OF PAUL THE APOSTLE TO THE CORINTHIANS. Chronological Notes relative to this Epistle. -Year of the Constantinopolitan era of the world, or that used by the emperors of the east in their diplomata, &c., and thence also called the "civil era of the Greeks," εφξε (5565.) -Year of the Alexandrian era of the world, or ecclesiastical epoch of the Greeks, εφνθ (5559.) -Year of the Antiochian era of the world, εφμθ (5549). -Year of the Eusebian epoch of the creation, or that used in the Chronicon of Eusebius, and the Roman martyrology, δςπε (4285.) -Year of the Julian period, 4767. -Year of the world, according to Bedford and Kennedy, in their Scripture Chronology, 4065. -Year of the Usherian era of the world, or that used in the English Bibles, 4061. -Year of the world according to Scaliger, 4001. The difference of sixty years in the era of the world, as fixed by Scaliger and Usher, arises from the former chronologer placing the birth of Abraham in the 70th, and the latter in the 130th year of the life of his father Terah. For Scaliger's computation, see on ; and for Usher's computation, see on , and , conferred with . -Year of the minor Jewish era of the world, 3817. -Year of the greater Rabbinical era of the world, 4416. -Year since the Deluge, according to Archbishop Usher and the English Bible, 2405. -Year of the Cali Yuga, or Indian era of the Deluge, 3159. -Year of the era of Iphitus, who re-established the Olympic Games 338 years after their institution by Hercules, or about 884 years before the commencement of the Christian era, 997. -Year of the two hundred and ninth Olympiad, 1. This epoch commenced, according to the most accurate calculations of some of the moderns, precisely 776 years before the Christian era, and 23 years before the building of Rome; and computations of time by it ceased about A. D. 440. -Year from the building of Rome, according to Fabius Pictor, who flourished about 225 years before Christ, and who is styled by Dionysius of Halicarnassus an accurate writer, 804. (This epoch is used by Diodorus Siculus.) -Year from the building of Rome, according to Polybius the historian, 808. -Year from the building of Rome, according to Cato and the Fasti Consulares, and adopted by Solinus, Eusebius, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, &c., 809. -Year from the building of Rome, according to Varro, which was that adopted by the Roman emperors in their proclamations, by Plutarch, Tacitus, Dio Cassius, Gellius Censorinus, Onuphrius, Baronius, and by most modern chronologers, 810. N. B. Livy, Cicero, Pliny, and Velleius Paterculus, fluctuate between the Varronian and Catonian computations. -Year of the epoch of Nabonassar, king of Babylon, after the division of the Assyrian monarchy, or that used by Hipparchus, by Ptotemy in his astronomical observations, by Censorinus and others, 805. (The years of this era constantly contained 365 days, so that 1460 Julian were equal to 1461 Nabonassarean years. This epoch commenced on the IVth of the calends of March, (Feb. 26,) B. C. 747; and, consequently, the beginning of the 805th year of the era of Nabonassar coincided with the Vth of the Ides of August, (Aug. 9,) A. D. 57. -Year of the era of the Seleucidae, or since Seleucus, one of the generals of Alexander the Great, took Babylon and ascended the Asiatic throne, sometimes called the Grecian era, and the era of principalities, in reference to the division of Alexander's empire, 369. -Year of the Caesarean era of Antioch, 105. -Year of the Julian era, or year since the Calendar of Numa Pompilius, the second Roman king, was reformed by Julius Caesar, 102. -Year of the Spanish era, or since the second division of the Roman provinces among the Triumviri, 95. -Year since the defeat of Pompey, by Julius Caesar, at Pharsalia, called by Catrou and Rouille the commencement of the Roman empire, 105. -Year of the Actiac, or Actian era, or proper epoch of the Roman empire, commencing with the defeat of Antony by Augustus at Actium, 87. -Year from the birth of Jesus Christ, 61. -Year of the vulgar era of Christ's nativity, 57. -Year of the Dionysian period or Easter Cycle, 58. -Common Golden Number, or year of the Grecian or Metonic Cycle of nineteen years, 1, or the first common year. -Jewish Golden Number, or year of the Rabbinical Cycle of nineteen years, 17, or the sixth Embolismic. -Year of the Solar Cycle, 10. -Dominical Letter B; or, which is the same thing, the Calends of January, (Jan. 1,) happened on the Jewish Sabbath, or our Saturday. -Jewish Passover, (15th of Nisan, or Abib,) Tuesday, April 5, or on the Nones of April. -Number of Direction, or number of days that Easter Sunday happens after the 21st of March, 21; or the XIIth of the Calends of April. -Mean time of the Paschal Full Moon at Corinth, (its longitude being twenty-three degrees to the east of London,) according to Ferguson's Tables, which are sufficiently exact for this purpose, April 7, or the VIIth of the Ides of April, at forty-eight minutes and thirty-eight seconds past eight in the evening. True time of the Paschal Full Moon at Corinth, according to Ferguson's Tables, April 8, or the VIth of the Ides of April, at thirty-seven minutes and one second past five in the morning; the true time of the Paschal Full Moon being eight hours, forty-eight minutes, and twenty-three seconds after the mean. -Easter Sunday, April 10, or the IVth of the Ides of April. -Epact, or moon's age on the twenty-second of March, or the XIth of the Calends of April, (the day on which the earliest Easter happens,) 29. -Year of the reign of Nero Caesar, the Roman emperor, and fifth Caesar, 4. -Year of Claudius Felix, the Jewish governor, 5. -Year of the reign of Vologesus, king of the Parthians, or the family of the Arsacidae, 8. -Year of Caius Numidius Quadratus, governor of Syria, 7. -Year of Ishmael, high priest of the Jews, 3. -Year of the reign of Corbred I., king of the Scots, brother to the celebrated Caractacus, who was carried prisoner to Rome, but afterwards released by the emperor, 3. -Roman consuls; Nero Caesar Augustus, (the second time,) and L. Calpurnius Piso. Eminent men, contemporaries with St. Paul. - L. Annaeas Seneca , the Stoic philosopher and poet, son of M. Annaeus Seneca, the rhetorician; born about the commencement of the Christian era, and put to death about A. D. 65. - Annaeus Cornutus , the Stoic philosopher, and preceptor to Persius the satirist; flourished under Nero. - Lucan , nephew to Seneca the philosopher; born about A. D. 29, put to death about A. D. 65. - Andromachus of Crete, a poet, and Nero's physician. - T. Petronius Arbiter , of Massila, died A. D. 66. - Aulus Persius Flaccus , the Latin poet, of Volaterrae in Italy; died in the ninth year of the reign of Nero, aged 28. - Dioscorides , the physician; the age in which this physician lived is very uncertain. - Justus , of Tiberias, in Palestine. - Flavius Josephus , the Jewish historian; born A. D. 37, died A. D. 93. - Silius Italicus , the poet who was several times consul; born about A. D. 23, died in the beginning of the reign of Trajan, aged 75. - Valerius Flaccus , the Latin poet; flourished under Vespasian. - C. Plinius Secundus , of Verona, born under Tiberius, flourished under Vespasian, and died under Titus, A. D. 79, aged 56. - Thraseus Paetus , the Stoic philosopher, famous for his independence and generous sentiments; slain by order of Nero, A. D. 66. - Quintius Curtius Rufus , the historian; the time when he flourished is uncertain, some placing him under Claudius, others under Vespasian, and others under Trajan. - Asconius Pedianus , the historian and annotator, died A. D. 76, aged 85. - Marcus Valerius Martialis , the epigrammatist; born about A. D. 29, died A. D. 104, aged 75. - Philo-Byblius , born about A. D. 53, died A. D. 133, aged 80. - Acusilaus , the rhetorician; flourished under Galba. - Afer , an orator and preceptor of Quintilian, died A. D. 59. - Afranius , the satirist, put to death by Nero, in the Pisonian conspiracy. - Marcus Aper , a Latin orator of Gaul, died A. D. 85. - Babilus , the astrologer, who caused the Emperor Nero to put all the leading men of Rome to death. - C. Balbillus , the historian of Egypt; flourished under Nero. - P. Clodius Quirinalis , the rhetorician, flourished under Nero. - Fabricus , the satirist; flourished under Nero. - Decius Junius Juvenalis , the satirist; born about A. D. 29, died A. D. 128, aged about 100 years. - Longinus , the lawyer, put to death by Nero. - Plutarch , the biographer and moralist; born about A. D. 50, died about A. D. 120, or A. D. 140, according to others. - Polemon , the rhetorician, and master of Persius the celebrated satirist, died in the reign of Nero. - Seleucus , the mathematician, intimate with the Emperor Vespasian. - Servilius Nonianus , the Latin historian; flourished under Nero. - Caius Cornelius Tacitus , the celebrated Roman historian; born in the reign of Nero, and died at an advanced age in the former part of the second century. --------------------------- CHAPTER I. St. Paul encourages them to trust in God in all adversities, from a consideration of the support which he had granted them already in times of afflictions; and expresses his strong confidence of their fidelity , 1-7. Mentions the heavy tribulation which he had passed through in Asia; as also his deliverance , 8-11. Shows in what the exultation of a genuine Christian consists , 12. Appeals to their own knowledge of the truth of the things which he wrote to them , 13, 14. Mentions his purpose of visiting them; and how sincere he was in forming it; and the reason why he did not come, as he had purposed , 15-24. NOTES ON CHAP. I. Verse 1. Paul, an apostle ] Paul, commissioned immediately by Jesus Christ himself, according to the will of God , to preach the Gospel to the Gentiles. . In all Achaia ] The whole of the Peloponnesus , or that country separated from the main land by the Isthmus of Corinth . From this we may learn that this epistle was not only sent to the Church at Corinth , but to all the Churches in that country.

‏ 2 Corinthians 1:1

THE

SECOND EPISTLE OF PAUL THE APOSTLE

TO THE

CORINTHIANS.

Chronological Notes relative to this Epistle.

-Year of the Constantinopolitan era of the world, or that used

by the emperors of the east in their diplomata, &c., and thence

also called the "civil era of the Greeks," εφξε (5565.)

-Year of the Alexandrian era of the world, or ecclesiastical

epoch of the Greeks, εφνθ (5559.)

-Year of the Antiochian era of the world, εφμθ (5549).

-Year of the Eusebian epoch of the creation, or that used in the

Chronicon of Eusebius, and the Roman martyrology, δςπε (4285.)

-Year of the Julian period, 4767.

-Year of the world, according to Bedford and Kennedy, in their

Scripture Chronology, 4065.

-Year of the Usherian era of the world, or that used in the

English Bibles, 4061.

-Year of the world according to Scaliger, 4001. The difference

of sixty years in the era of the world, as fixed by Scaliger

and Usher, arises from the former chronologer placing the birth

of Abraham in the 70th, and the latter in the 130th year of the

life of his father Terah. For Scaliger's computation, see on

Ge 11:26; and for Usher's computation, see on Ge 11:26, and

Ge 11:32, conferred with Ac 7:4.

-Year of the minor Jewish era of the world, 3817.

-Year of the greater Rabbinical era of the world, 4416.

-Year since the Deluge, according to Archbishop Usher and the

English Bible, 2405.

-Year of the Cali Yuga, or Indian era of the Deluge, 3159.

-Year of the era of Iphitus, who re-established the Olympic

Games 338 years after their institution by Hercules, or about

884 years before the commencement of the Christian era, 997.

-Year of the two hundred and ninth Olympiad, 1. This epoch

commenced, according to the most accurate calculations of some

of the moderns, precisely 776 years before the Christian era,

and 23 years before the building of Rome; and computations of

time by it ceased about A. D. 440.

-Year from the building of Rome, according to Fabius Pictor, who

flourished about 225 years before Christ, and who is styled by

Dionysius of Halicarnassus an accurate writer, 804. (This

epoch is used by Diodorus Siculus.)

-Year from the building of Rome, according to Polybius the

historian, 808.

-Year from the building of Rome, according to Cato and the Fasti

Consulares, and adopted by Solinus, Eusebius, Dionysius of

Halicarnassus, &c., 809.

-Year from the building of Rome, according to Varro, which was

that adopted by the Roman emperors in their proclamations, by

Plutarch, Tacitus, Dio Cassius, Gellius Censorinus, Onuphrius,

Baronius, and by most modern chronologers, 810. N. B. Livy,

Cicero, Pliny, and Velleius Paterculus, fluctuate between the

Varronian and Catonian computations.

-Year of the epoch of Nabonassar, king of Babylon, after the

division of the Assyrian monarchy, or that used by Hipparchus,

by Ptotemy in his astronomical observations, by Censorinus and

others, 805. (The years of this era constantly contained 365

days, so that 1460 Julian were equal to 1461 Nabonassarean

years. This epoch commenced on the IVth of the calends of

March, (Feb. 26,) B. C. 747; and, consequently, the beginning

of the 805th year of the era of Nabonassar coincided with the

Vth of the Ides of August, (Aug. 9,) A. D. 57.

-Year of the era of the Seleucidae, or since Seleucus, one of

the generals of Alexander the Great, took Babylon and ascended

the Asiatic throne, sometimes called the Grecian era, and the

era of principalities, in reference to the division of

Alexander's empire, 369.

-Year of the Caesarean era of Antioch, 105.

-Year of the Julian era, or year since the Calendar of Numa

Pompilius, the second Roman king, was reformed by Julius

Caesar, 102.

-Year of the Spanish era, or since the second division of the

Roman provinces among the Triumviri, 95.

-Year since the defeat of Pompey, by Julius Caesar, at

Pharsalia, called by Catrou and Rouille the commencement of the

Roman empire, 105.

-Year of the Actiac, or Actian era, or proper epoch of the Roman

empire, commencing with the defeat of Antony by Augustus at

Actium, 87.

-Year from the birth of Jesus Christ, 61.

-Year of the vulgar era of Christ's nativity, 57.

-Year of the Dionysian period or Easter Cycle, 58.

-Common Golden Number, or year of the Grecian or Metonic Cycle

of nineteen years, 1, or the first common year.

-Jewish Golden Number, or year of the Rabbinical Cycle of

nineteen years, 17, or the sixth Embolismic.

-Year of the Solar Cycle, 10.

-Dominical Letter B; or, which is the same thing, the Calends of

January, (Jan. 1,) happened on the Jewish Sabbath, or our

Saturday.

-Jewish Passover, (15th of Nisan, or Abib,) Tuesday, April 5, or

on the Nones of April.

-Number of Direction, or number of days that Easter Sunday

happens after the 21st of March, 21; or the XIIth of the

Calends of April.

-Mean time of the Paschal Full Moon at Corinth, (its longitude

being twenty-three degrees to the east of London,) according to

Ferguson's Tables, which are sufficiently exact for this

purpose, April 7, or the VIIth of the Ides of April, at

forty-eight minutes and thirty-eight seconds past eight in the

evening. True time of the Paschal Full Moon at Corinth,

according to Ferguson's Tables, April 8, or the VIth of the

Ides of April, at thirty-seven minutes and one second past five

in the morning; the true time of the Paschal Full Moon being

eight hours, forty-eight minutes, and twenty-three seconds

after the mean.

-Easter Sunday, April 10, or the IVth of the Ides of April.

-Epact, or moon's age on the twenty-second of March, or the XIth

of the Calends of April, (the day on which the earliest Easter

happens,) 29.

-Year of the reign of Nero Caesar, the Roman emperor, and fifth

Caesar, 4.

-Year of Claudius Felix, the Jewish governor, 5.

-Year of the reign of Vologesus, king of the Parthians, or the

family of the Arsacidae, 8.

-Year of Caius Numidius Quadratus, governor of Syria, 7.

-Year of Ishmael, high priest of the Jews, 3.

-Year of the reign of Corbred I., king of the Scots, brother to

the celebrated Caractacus, who was carried prisoner to Rome,

but afterwards released by the emperor, 3.

-Roman consuls; Nero Caesar Augustus, (the second time,) and L.

Calpurnius Piso.

Eminent men, contemporaries with St. Paul.

-L. Annaeas Seneca, the Stoic philosopher and poet, son of M.

Annaeus Seneca, the rhetorician; born about the commencement of

the Christian era, and put to death about A. D. 65.

-Annaeus Cornutus, the Stoic philosopher, and preceptor to

Persius the satirist; flourished under Nero.

-Lucan, nephew to Seneca the philosopher; born about A. D. 29,

put to death about A. D. 65.

-Andromachus of Crete, a poet, and Nero's physician.

-T. Petronius Arbiter, of Massila, died A. D. 66.

-Aulus Persius Flaccus, the Latin poet, of Volaterrae in Italy;

died in the ninth year of the reign of Nero, aged 28.

-Dioscorides, the physician; the age in which this physician

lived is very uncertain.

-Justus, of Tiberias, in Palestine.

-Flavius Josephus, the Jewish historian; born A. D. 37, died

A. D. 93.

-Silius Italicus, the poet who was several times consul; born

about A. D. 23, died in the beginning of the reign of Trajan,

aged 75.

-Valerius Flaccus, the Latin poet; flourished under Vespasian.

-C. Plinius Secundus, of Verona, born under Tiberius, flourished

under Vespasian, and died under Titus, A. D. 79, aged 56.

-Thraseus Paetus, the Stoic philosopher, famous for his

independence and generous sentiments; slain by order of Nero,

A. D. 66.

-Quintius Curtius Rufus, the historian; the time when he

flourished is uncertain, some placing him under Claudius,

others under Vespasian, and others under Trajan.

-Asconius Pedianus, the historian and annotator, died A. D. 76,

aged 85.

-Marcus Valerius Martialis, the epigrammatist; born about A. D.

29, died A. D. 104, aged 75.

-Philo-Byblius, born about A. D. 53, died A. D. 133, aged 80.

-Acusilaus, the rhetorician; flourished under Galba.

-Afer, an orator and preceptor of Quintilian, died A. D. 59.

-Afranius, the satirist, put to death by Nero, in the Pisonian

conspiracy.

-Marcus Aper, a Latin orator of Gaul, died A. D. 85.

-Babilus, the astrologer, who caused the Emperor Nero to put all

the leading men of Rome to death.

-C. Balbillus, the historian of Egypt; flourished under Nero.

-P. Clodius Quirinalis, the rhetorician, flourished under Nero.

-Fabricus, the satirist; flourished under Nero.

-Decius Junius Juvenalis, the satirist; born about A. D. 29,

died A. D. 128, aged about 100 years.

-Longinus, the lawyer, put to death by Nero.

-Plutarch, the biographer and moralist; born about A. D. 50,

died about A. D. 120, or A. D. 140, according to others.

-Polemon, the rhetorician, and master of Persius the celebrated

satirist, died in the reign of Nero.

-Seleucus, the mathematician, intimate with the Emperor

Vespasian.

-Servilius Nonianus, the Latin historian; flourished under Nero.

-Caius Cornelius Tacitus, the celebrated Roman historian; born

in the reign of Nero, and died at an advanced age in the former

part of the second century.

---------------------------

CHAPTER I.

St. Paul encourages them to trust in God in all adversities, from a consideration of the support which he had granted them already in times of afflictions; and expresses his strong confidence of their fidelity, 1-7.

Mentions the heavy tribulation which he had passed through in Asia; as also his deliverance, 8-11.

Shows in what the exultation of a genuine Christian consists,

12.

Appeals to their own knowledge of the truth of the things which he wrote to them, 13, 14.

Mentions his purpose of visiting them; and how sincere he was in forming it; and the reason why he did not come, as he had purposed, 15-24.

NOTES ON CHAP. I.

Verse 1. Paul, an apostle] Paul, commissioned immediately by Jesus Christ himself, according to the will of God, to preach the Gospel to the Gentiles. See Clarke on 1Co 1:1.

In all Achaia] The whole of the Peloponnesus, or that country separated from the main land by the Isthmus of Corinth. From this we may learn that this epistle was not only sent to the Church at Corinth, but to all the Churches in that country.