Jam 3:7 | RWP | e4.org | Kind ( φυσις ). Old word from φυω , order of nature ( ), here of all animals and man, in of God and redeemed men. Of beasts ( θηριων ). Old word diminutive from θηρ and so "little beasts" originally, then wild animals in general ( ), or quadrupeds as here. These four classes of animals come from . Birds ( πετεινων ). Old word for flying animals (from πετομα , to word from ερπω , to crawl (Latin serpo ), hence serpents. Things in the sea ( εναλιων ). Old adjective ( εν, αλς , sea, salt) in the sea, here only in N.T. The four groups are put in two pairs here by the use of τε κα with the first two and the second two. See a different classification in ; . Is tamed ( δαμαζετα ). Present passive indicative of δαμαζω , old verb kin to Latin dominus and English tame, in N.T. only in this passage and . The present tense gives the general picture of the continuous process through the ages of man's lordship over the animals as stated in . Hath been tamed ( δεδαμαστα ). Perfect passive indicative of the same verb, repeated to present the state of conquest in some cases (domestic animals, for instance). By mankind ( τη φυσε τη ανθρωπινη ). Instrumental case with repeated article and repetition also of φυσις , "by the nature the human." For ανθρωπινος see .

‏ James 3:7

Kind ( φυσις ). Old word from φυω, order of nature (Ro 1:26), here of all animals and man, in 2Pe 1:4 of God and redeemed men.

Of beasts ( θηριων ). Old word diminutive from θηρ and so "little beasts" originally, then wild animals in general (Mr 1:13), or quadrupeds as here. These four classes of animals come from Ge 9:2f.

Birds ( πετεινων ). Old word for flying animals (from πετομα, to word from ερπω, to crawl (Latin serpo), hence serpents.

Things in the sea ( εναλιων ). Old adjective ( εν, αλς, sea, salt) in the sea, here only in N.T. The four groups are put in two pairs here by the use of τε κα with the first two and the second two. See a different classification in Ac 10:12; 11:6.

Is tamed ( δαμαζετα ). Present passive indicative of δαμαζω, old verb kin to Latin dominus and English tame, in N.T. only in this passage and Mr 5:4. The present tense gives the general picture of the continuous process through the ages of man's lordship over the animals as stated in Ge 1:28.

Hath been tamed ( δεδαμαστα ). Perfect passive indicative of the same verb, repeated to present the state of conquest in some cases (domestic animals, for instance).

By mankind ( τη φυσε τη ανθρωπινη ). Instrumental case with repeated article and repetition also of φυσις, "by the nature the human." For ανθρωπινος see Ac 17:25.