Jam 4:9 | RWP | e4.org | Be afflicted ( ταλαιπωρησατε ). First aorist active imperative ταλαιπωρεω , old verb from ταλαιπωρος ( ), to endure toils, here only in N.T. Cf. ταλαιπωριαις in . Mourn ( πενθησατε ). First aorist active imperative of πενθεω , old verb from πενθος (mourning, ), as in . Often in N.T. joined as here with κλαιω , to weep ( ; ). A call to the godly sorrow spoken of in (Mayor), like an O.T. prophet. Weep ( κλαυσατε ). First aorist active imperative of κλαιω . Laughter ( γελως ). Old word from Homer down, only here in N.T. as γελαω , to laugh (opposite of κλαιω ), in N.T. only in , , but καταγελαω in ( ; ). Be turned ( μετατραπητω ). Second aorist passive imperative of μετατρεπω , old word, to turn about, to transmute, in Homer (not in Attic), here only in N.T. Heaviness ( κατηφειαν ). Old word from κατηφης (of a downcast look, from κατα , φαη eyes), hanging down of the eyes like the publican in , here only in N.T.

‏ James 4:9

Be afflicted ( ταλαιπωρησατε ). First aorist active imperative ταλαιπωρεω, old verb from ταλαιπωρος (Ro 7:24), to endure toils, here only in N.T. Cf. ταλαιπωριαις in 5:1.

Mourn ( πενθησατε ). First aorist active imperative of πενθεω, old verb from πενθος (mourning, 4:9), as in Mt 5:4f. Often in N.T. joined as here with κλαιω, to weep (Mr 16:10; Lu 6:25). A call to the godly sorrow spoken of in 2Co 7:10 (Mayor), like an O.T. prophet.

Weep ( κλαυσατε ). First aorist active imperative of κλαιω.

Laughter ( γελως ). Old word from Homer down, only here in N.T. as γελαω, to

laugh (opposite of κλαιω ), in N.T. only in Lu 6:21, 25, but καταγελαω in Lu 8:53 (Mr 5:40; Mt 9:24).

Be turned ( μετατραπητω ). Second aorist passive imperative of μετατρεπω, old word, to turn about, to transmute, in Homer (not in Attic), here only in N.T.

Heaviness ( κατηφειαν ). Old word from κατηφης (of a downcast look, from κατα, φαη eyes), hanging down of the eyes like the publican in Lu 18:13, here only in N.T.