Rev 22:16 | RWP | e4.org | I Jesus ( Εγω Ιησους ). The last and most solemn attestation to the book that from Jesus (the historic Jesus known to the churches), in harmony with . Have sent ( επεμψα ). First aorist active indicative of πεμπω , used here in the same sense as αποστειλας in as his personal messenger. It is the Jesus of history here speaking, who is also the Christ of theology and the Lamb of God. For the churches ( επ ταις εκκλησιαις ). For this use of επ see ; . It is not just for the seven churches ( ), but for all the churches in the world then and now. I am the root and the offspring of David ( Εγω ειμ η ριζα κα το γενος Δαυειδ ). See for "the root of David," to which John now adds το γενος in the sense of "offspring" ( .), not of family or race ( ; ). Cf. . The bright, the morning star ( ο αστηρ ο λαμπρος ο πρωινος ). The Davidic King is called a star in ; . This "day-star" ( φωσφορος ) is interpreted as Christ ( ). In the phrase "the morning star" occurs in Christ's words, which is here interpreted. Christ is the Light that was coming into the world ( ; ).

‏ Revelation of John 22:16

I Jesus ( Εγω Ιησους ). The last and most solemn attestation to the book that from Jesus (the historic Jesus known to the churches), in harmony with 1:1f.

Have sent ( επεμψα ). First aorist active indicative of πεμπω, used here in the same sense as αποστειλας in 1:1 as his personal messenger. It is the Jesus of history here speaking, who is also the Christ of theology and the Lamb of God.

For the churches ( επ ταις εκκλησιαις ). For this use of επ see 10:11; Joh 12:16. It is not just for the seven churches (1:4), but for all the churches in the world then and now.

I am the root and the offspring of David ( Εγω ειμ η ριζα κα το γενος Δαυειδ ). See 5:5 for "the root of David," to which John now adds το γενος in the sense of "offspring" (Ac 17:28f.), not of family or race (Ac 4:6; 7:13). Cf. Mt 22:42-45.

The bright, the morning star ( ο αστηρ ο λαμπρος ο πρωινος ). The Davidic King is called a star in Nu 24:17; Lu 1:78. This "day-star" ( φωσφορος ) is interpreted as Christ (2Pe 1:19). In Re 2:28 the phrase "the morning star" occurs in Christ's words, which is here interpreted. Christ is the Light that was coming into the world (Joh 1:9; 8:12).