1Pe 2:10-11 | RWP | e4.org | Which in time past ( ο ποτε ). "Who once upon a time." No people ( ου λαος ). This phrase from . Note use of ου (not ουδεις ) with λαος like Hebrew negative. Which had not obtained mercy ( ο ουκ ελεημενο ). Perfect passive articular participle of ελεεω and the emphatic negative ου , with which compare Paul's use of ; in , which may have been known to Peter or not. But now have obtained mercy ( νυν δε ελεηθεντες ). Change to first aorist passive participle from "the long antecedent state" to "the single event of conversion which ended it" (Hort).

‏ 1 Peter 2:10-11

Which in time past ( ο ποτε ). "Who once upon a time."

No people ( ου λαος ). This phrase from Hos 2:23. Note use of ου (not ουδεις ) with λαος like Hebrew negative.

Which had not obtained mercy ( ο ουκ ελεημενο ). Perfect passive articular participle of ελεεω and the emphatic negative ου, with which compare Paul's use of Ho 1; 2 in Ro 9:25, which may have been known to Peter or not.

But now have obtained mercy ( νυν δε ελεηθεντες ). Change to first aorist passive participle from "the long antecedent state" to "the single event of conversion which ended it" (Hort).

As sojourners and pilgrims ( ως παροικους κα παρεπιδημους ). This combination from the LXX (Ge 33:4; Ps 39:13). See 1:1 for παρεπιδημος and 1:17 for παροικια and Eph 2:19 for παροικος (only there and here in N.T., Christians whose fatherland is heaven).

To abstain from ( απεχεσθα ). Present middle (direct) infinitive of απεχω, old verb, to hold back from (1Th 4:3). In indirect command (to keep on abstaining from) after παρακαλω (I beseech). With the ablative case των σαρκικων επιθυμιων, the grosser sins of the flesh (for σαρκικος see 1Co 3:3) like the list in 4:3.

Which ( αιτινες ). "Which very ones." Like Latin quippe qui.

War against the soul ( στρατευοντα κατα της ψυχης ). Present middle indicative of στρατευω, to carry on a campaign (Jas 4:1). See this struggle between the flesh and the spirit vividly pictured by Paul in Ga 5:16-24.