Act 19:9 | RWP | e4.org | But when some were hardened ( ως δε τινες εσκληρυνοντο ). Imperfect passive of σκληρυνω , causative like hiphil in Hebrew, to make hard ( σκληρος ) or rough or harsh ( ). In LXX and Hippocrates and Galen (in medical writings). In N.T. only here and and 4 times in , , ; , quoting and referring to about hardening the heart like a gristle. The inevitable reaction against Paul went on even in Ephesus though slowly. Disobedient ( επειθουν ). Imperfect again, showing the growing disbelief and disobedience ( απειθης ), both ideas as in ; , first refusal to believe and then refusal to obey. Both σκληρυνω and απειθεω occur together, as here, in Ecclus. 30:12. Speaking evil of the Way ( κακολογουντες την οδον ). Late verb from κακολογος (speaker of evil) for the old κακως λεγω . Already in ; ; . Now these Jews are aggressive opponents of Paul and seek to injure his influence with the crowd. Note "the Way" as in for Christianity. He departed from them ( αποστας απ' αυτων ). Second aorist active participle of αφιστημ , made an "apostasy" (standing off, cleavage) as he did at Corinth ( , μεταβας , making a change). Separated the disciples ( αφωρισεν τους μαθητας ). First aorist active indicative of αφοριζω , old verb to mark limits (horizon) as already in . Paul himself was a spiritual Pharisee "separated" to Christ ( ). The Jews regarded this withdrawal as apostasy, like separating the sheep from the goats ( ). Paul now made a separate church as he had done at Thessalonica and Corinth. In the school of Tyrannus ( εν τη σχολη Τυραννου ). Σχολη (our school) is an old word from σχειν ( εχω ) to hold on, leisure and then in later Greek (Plutarch, etc.) a place where there is leisure as here. Only this example in the N.T. This is the Greek notion of "school," the Jewish being that of "yoke" as in . The name Tyrannus (our tyrant) is a common one. It is an inscription in the Columbarium of the Empress Livia as that of a physician in the court. Furneaux suggests the possibility that a relative of this physician was lecturing on medicine in Ephesus and so as a friend of Luke, the physician, would be glad to help Paul about a place to preach. It was probably a public building or lecture hall with this name whether hired by Paul or loaned to him. The pagan sophists often spoke in such halls. The Codex Bezae adds "from the fifth hour to the tenth" as the time allotted Paul for his work in this hall, which is quite possible, from just before midday till the close of the afternoon (from before the noon meal till two hours before sunset) each day. Here Paul had great freedom and a great hearing. As the church grows there will be other places of meeting as the church in the house of Aquila and Priscilla ( ).

‏ Acts 19:9

But when some were hardened ( ως δε τινες εσκληρυνοντο ). Imperfect passive of σκληρυνω, causative like hiphil in Hebrew, to make hard ( σκληρος ) or rough or harsh (Mt 25:24). In LXX and Hippocrates and Galen (in medical writings). In N.T. only here and Ro 9:18 and 4 times in Heb 3:8, 13, 15; 4:7, 8 quoting and referring to Ps 95:8 about hardening the heart like a gristle. The inevitable reaction against Paul went on even in Ephesus though slowly.

Disobedient ( επειθουν ). Imperfect again, showing the growing disbelief and disobedience ( απειθης ), both ideas as in 14:2; 17:5, first refusal to believe and then refusal to obey. Both σκληρυνω and απειθεω occur together, as here, in Ecclus. 30:12.

Speaking evil of the Way ( κακολογουντες την οδον ). Late verb from κακολογος (speaker of evil) for the old κακως λεγω. Already in Mr 7:10; 9:39; Mt 15:4. Now these Jews are aggressive opponents of Paul and seek to injure his influence with the crowd. Note "the Way" as in 9:2 for Christianity.

He departed from them ( αποστας απ' αυτων ). Second aorist active participle of αφιστημ, made an "apostasy" (standing off, cleavage) as he did at Corinth (18:7, μεταβας, making a change).

Separated the disciples ( αφωρισεν τους μαθητας ). First aorist active indicative of αφοριζω, old verb to mark limits (horizon) as already in 13:2. Paul himself was a spiritual Pharisee "separated" to Christ (Ro 1:1). The Jews regarded this withdrawal as apostasy, like separating the sheep from the goats (Mt 25:32). Paul now made a separate church as he had done at Thessalonica and Corinth.

In the school of Tyrannus ( εν τη σχολη Τυραννου ). Σχολη (our school) is an old word from σχειν ( εχω ) to hold on, leisure and then in later Greek (Plutarch, etc.) a place where there is leisure as here. Only this example in the N.T. This is the Greek notion of "school," the Jewish being that of "yoke" as in Mt 11:29. The name Tyrannus (our tyrant) is a common one. It is an inscription in the Columbarium of the Empress Livia as that of a physician in the court. Furneaux suggests the possibility that a relative of this physician was lecturing on medicine in Ephesus and so as a friend of Luke, the physician, would be glad to help Paul about a place to preach. It was probably a public building or lecture hall with this name whether hired by Paul or loaned to him. The pagan sophists often spoke in such halls. The Codex Bezae adds "from the fifth hour to the tenth" as the time allotted Paul for his work in this hall, which is quite possible, from just before midday till the close of the afternoon (from before the noon meal till two hours before sunset) each day. Here Paul had great freedom and a great hearing. As the church grows there will be other places of meeting as the church in the house of Aquila and Priscilla (1Co 16:19).