Eph 4:18 | RWP | e4.org | Being darkened ( εσκοτωμενο οντες ). Periphrastic perfect passive participle of σκοτοω , old verb from σκοτος (darkness), in N.T. only here and ; . In their understanding ( τη διανοια ). Locative case. Probably διανοια ( δια, νους ) includes the emotions as well as the intellect ( νους ). It is possible to take οντες with απηλλοτριωμενο (see ) which would then be periphrastic (instead of εσκοτωμενο ) perfect passive participle. From the life of God ( της ζωης του θεου ). Ablative case ζωης after απηλλοτριωμενο ( ). Because of the ignorance ( δια την αγνοιαν ). Old word from αγνοεω , not to know. Rare in N.T. See . Hardening ( πωρωσιν ). Late medical term (Hippocrates) for callous hardening. Only other N.T. examples are ; .

‏ Ephesians 4:18

Being darkened ( εσκοτωμενο οντες ). Periphrastic perfect passive participle of σκοτοω, old verb from σκοτος (darkness), in N.T. only here and Re 9:2; 16:10.

In their understanding ( τη διανοια ). Locative case. Probably διανοια ( δια, νους ) includes the emotions as well as the intellect ( νους ). It is possible to take οντες with απηλλοτριωμενο (see 2:12) which would then be periphrastic (instead of εσκοτωμενο ) perfect passive participle.

From the life of God ( της ζωης του θεου ). Ablative case ζωης after απηλλοτριωμενο (2:12).

Because of the ignorance ( δια την αγνοιαν ). Old word from αγνοεω, not to know. Rare in N.T. See Ac 3:17.

Hardening ( πωρωσιν ). Late medical term (Hippocrates) for callous hardening. Only other N.T. examples are Mr 3:5; Ro 11:25.