Jam 4:7-10 | RWP | e4.org | Be subject therefore unto God ( υποταγητε ουν τω θεω ). Second aorist (ingressive) passive imperative of υποτασσω , old verb, to range under (military term also). Same form in ; . With the dative case θεω (unto God). The aorist has the note of urgency in the imperative. Note the ten aorist imperatives in verses ( υποταγητε, αντιστητε, εγγισατε, καθαρισατε, αγνισατε, ταλαιπωρησατε, πενθησατε, κλαυσατε, μετατραπητω, ταπεινωθητε ). But resist the devil ( αντιστητε δε τω διαβολω ). Second aorist (ingressive) active (intransitive) imperative of ανθιστημ , "take a stand against." Dative case διαβολω . Result of such a stand is that the devil will flee ( φευξετα , future middle of φευγω ). See .; .; .

‏ James 4:7-10

Be subject therefore unto God ( υποταγητε ουν τω θεω ). Second aorist (ingressive) passive imperative of υποτασσω, old verb, to range under (military term also). Same form in 1Pe 2:23; 5:5. With the dative case θεω (unto God). The aorist has the note of urgency in the imperative. Note the ten aorist imperatives in verses 7-10 ( υποταγητε, αντιστητε, εγγισατε, καθαρισατε, αγνισατε, ταλαιπωρησατε, πενθησατε, κλαυσατε, μετατραπητω, ταπεινωθητε ).

But resist the devil ( αντιστητε δε τω διαβολω ). Second aorist (ingressive) active (intransitive) imperative of ανθιστημ, "take a stand against." Dative case διαβολω. Result of such a stand is that the devil will flee ( φευξετα, future middle of φευγω ). See 1Pe 5:8f.; Eph 6:11f.; Lu 10:17.

Draw nigh to God ( εγγισατε τω θεω ). First aorist active imperative of εγγιζω, late verb from εγγυς (near) as in Mt 3:2. With dative case again of personal relation. The priests in the sanctuary drew nigh to God (Ex 19:22), as we should now.

Cleanse your hands ( καθαρισατε χειρας ). First aorist active imperative of καθαριζω, to cleanse, from dirt in a ritual sense (Ex 30:19-21; Mr 7:3, 19). Here it is figurative, as in Ho 1:16; Ps 24:4. If we always had clean (from sin) hands and hearts?

Ye sinners ( αμαρτωλο ). A sharp term to strike the conscience, "a reproach meant to startle and sting" (Ropes).

Purify your hearts ( αγνισατε καρδιας ). First aorist active imperative of αγνιζω, old verb from αγνος (Jas 3:17), ceremonially (Ac 21:24, 26), but here morally as in 1Pe 1:22; 1Jo 3:3. Anarthrous use of καρδιας as of χειρας (wash hands, purify hearts).

Ye double-minded ( διψυχο ). As in 1:8.

Be afflicted ( ταλαιπωρησατε ). First aorist active imperative ταλαιπωρεω, old verb from ταλαιπωρος (Ro 7:24), to endure toils, here only in N.T. Cf. ταλαιπωριαις in 5:1.

Mourn ( πενθησατε ). First aorist active imperative of πενθεω, old verb from πενθος (mourning, 4:9), as in Mt 5:4f. Often in N.T. joined as here with κλαιω, to weep (Mr 16:10; Lu 6:25). A call to the godly sorrow spoken of in 2Co 7:10 (Mayor), like an O.T. prophet.

Weep ( κλαυσατε ). First aorist active imperative of κλαιω.

Laughter ( γελως ). Old word from Homer down, only here in N.T. as γελαω, to

laugh (opposite of κλαιω ), in N.T. only in Lu 6:21, 25, but καταγελαω in Lu 8:53 (Mr 5:40; Mt 9:24).

Be turned ( μετατραπητω ). Second aorist passive imperative of μετατρεπω, old word, to turn about, to transmute, in Homer (not in Attic), here only in N.T.

Heaviness ( κατηφειαν ). Old word from κατηφης (of a downcast look, from κατα, φαη eyes), hanging down of the eyes like the publican in Lu 18:13, here only in N.T.

Humble yourselves ( ταπεινωθητε ). First aorist passive imperative of ταπεινοω, old verb from ταπεινος (1:9), as in Mt 18:4. The passive here has almost the middle or reflexive sense. The middle voice was already giving way to the passive. See 1Pe 5:6 for this same form with the same promise of exaltation.

He shall exalt you ( υψωσε υμας ). Future active indicative of υψοω, common verb from υψος (height), used by Jesus in contrast with ταπεινοω as here (Mt 23:12; Lu 14:11; 18:14).