Joh 19:31-37 | RWP | e4.org | The Preparation ( παρασκευη ). Friday. See verse . Might not remain ( μη μεινη ). Negative final clause with ινα μη and first aorist active (constative) subjunctive of μενω . A high day ( μεγαλη ). A "great" day, since "the sabbath day following synchronized with the first day of unleavened bread which was a 'great' day" (Bernard). A double reason therefore for wanting the bodies removed before sunset when the Sabbath began. That their legs might be broken ( ινα κατεαγωσιν αυτον τα σκελη ). Purpose clause with ινα and the second aorist passive subjunctive of καταγνυμ with the augment retained in the subjunctive, a "false augment" common in later Greek as in the future in with this verb (Robertson, Grammar , p. 365). This crurifragium was done with a heavy mallet and ended the sufferings of the victim. Legs ( σκελη ). Old word, here only in N.T. Might be taken away ( αρθωσιν ). First aorist passive subjunctive of αιρω with ινα also.

‏ John 19:31-37

The Preparation ( παρασκευη ). Friday. See verse 14.

Might not remain ( μη μεινη ). Negative final clause with ινα μη and first aorist active (constative) subjunctive of μενω.

A high day ( μεγαλη ). A "great" day, since "the sabbath day following synchronized with the first day of unleavened bread which was a 'great' day" (Bernard). A double reason therefore for wanting the bodies removed before sunset when the Sabbath began.

That their legs might be broken ( ινα κατεαγωσιν αυτον τα σκελη ). Purpose clause with ινα and the second aorist passive subjunctive of καταγνυμ with the augment retained in the subjunctive, a "false augment" common in later Greek as in the future in Mt 12:20 with this verb (Robertson, Grammar, p. 365). This crurifragium was done with a heavy mallet and ended the sufferings of the victim.

Legs ( σκελη ). Old word, here only in N.T.

Might be taken away ( αρθωσιν ). First aorist passive subjunctive of αιρω with ινα also.

Which was crucified with him ( του συνσταυρωθεντος αυτω ). First aorist passive articular participle of συνσταυροω with associative instrumental case. Cf. Paul's Χριστω συνεσταυρωμα (Ga 2:19).

Already dead ( ηδη τεθνηκοτα ). Perfect active participle of θνησκω. So then Jesus died before the robbers, died of a broken heart.

They brake not ( ου κατεαξαν ). The augment is proper here (see 32).

With a spear ( λογχη ). Instrumental case of this old word, here only in the N.T.

Pierced his side ( αυτου την πλευραν ενυξεν ). First aorist active indicative of νυσσω, old word to pierce, here only in N.T., and πλευραν (side), another old word, occurs in N.T. only here and Joh 20:20, 25, 27.

Blood and water ( αιμα κα υδωρ ). Dr. W. Stroud (Physical Cause of the Death of Christ) argues that this fact proves that the spear pierced the left side of Jesus near the heart and that Jesus had died literally of a broken heart since blood was mixed with water.

He that hath seen ( ο εωρακως ). Perfect active articular participle of οραω. John the Apostle was there and saw this fact (still sees it, in fact). This personal witness disproves the theory of the Docetic Gnostics that Jesus did not have a real human body.

He knoweth ( εκεινος οιδεν ). That is John does like 9:37. It is possible that εκεινος may be a solemn appeal to God as in 1:33 or Christ as in 1Jo 3:5. Bernard argues that the final editor is distinguishing the Beloved Disciple from himself and is endorsing him. But the example of Josephus (War. III. 7, 16) is against this use of εκεινος. John is rather referring to himself as still alive.

Be broken ( συντριβησετα ). Second future passive of συντριβω, to crush together. A free quotation of Ex 12:46 about the paschal lamb.

They pierced ( εξεκεντησαν ). First aorist active of εκκεντεω, late verb, correct translation of the Hebrew of Zec 12:10, but not like the LXX, in N.T. only here and Re 1:7.