Luke 20:1-19
On one of the days ( εν μια των ημερων ). Luke's favourite way of indicating time. It was the last day of the temple teaching (Tuesday). Lu 20:1-19 is to be compared with Mr 11:27-12:12; Mt 21:23-46.There came upon him ( επεστησαν ). Second aorist active indicative, ingressive aorist of εφιστημ, old and common verb, stood up against him, with the notion of sudden appearance. These leaders (cf. 19:47) had determined to attack Jesus on this morning, both Sadducees (chief priests) and Pharisees (scribes), a formal delegation from the Sanhedrin.
Tell us ( ειπον ημιν ). Luke adds these words to what Mark and Matthew have. Second aorist active imperative for the old form ειπε and with ending -ον of the first aorist active. Westcott and Hort punctuate the rest of the sentence as an indirect question after ειπον, but the Revised Version puts a semicolon after "us" and retains the direct question. The Greek manuscripts have no punctuation.
Question ( λογον ). Literally, word. So in Mr 11:29; Mt 21:24.
They reasoned with themselves ( συνελογισαντο ). First aorist middle of συλλογιζομα, to bring together accounts, an old word, only here in the N.T. Mark and Matthew have διελογιζοντο (imperfect middle of διαλογιζομα, a kindred verb, to reckon between one another, confer). This form ( διελογιζοντο ) in verse 14 below.
If we shall say ( εαν ειπωμεν ). Third-class condition with second aorist active subjunctive. Suppose we say! So in verse 6.
Will stone us ( καταλιθασε ). Late verb and here only in the N.T. Literally, will throw stones down on us, stone us down, overwhelm us with stones.
They be persuaded ( πεπεισμενος εστιν ). Periphrastic perfect passive indicative of πειθω, to persuade, a settled state of persuasion, "is persuaded" (no reason for use of "be" here).
That John was a prophet ( Ιωανην προφητην εινα ). Accusative and infinitive in indirect assertion.
That they knew not ( μη ειδενα ). Accusative and infinitive in indirect assertion again with the negative μη rather than ου.
Vineyard ( αμπελωνα ). Late word from αμπελος (vine), place of vines. So in Mr 12:1; Mt 21:33.
Let it out ( εξεδετο ). Second aorist middle of εκδιδωμ, but with variable vowel ε in place of ο of the stem δο ( εξεδοτο ). Same form in Mark and Matthew.
For a long time ( χρονους ικανους ). Accusative of extent of time, considerable times or periods of time. Not in Mark and Matthew, though all three have απεδημησεν (went off from home). See on Lu 7:6 for ικανος.
At the season ( καιρω ). The definite season for the fruit like ο καιρος των καρπων (Mt 21:34). That they should give ( ινα δωσουσιν ). Future indicative with ινα for purpose like the aorist subjunctive, though not so frequent.
He sent yet another ( προσεθετο ετερον πεμψα ). Literally,
he added to send another. A clear Hebraism repeated in verse 12 and also in 19:11.
They wounded ( τραυματισαντες ). First aorist active participle of τραυματιζω. An old verb, from τραυμα, a wound, but in the N.T. only here and Ac 19:16.
What shall I do? ( Τ ποιησω; ). Deliberative future indicative or aorist subjunctive (same form). This detail only in Luke. Note the variations in all three Gospels. All three have "will reverence" ( εντραπησοντα ) for which see Matthew and Mark.
It may be ( ισως ). Perhaps, from ισος, equal. Old adverb, but only here in the N.T.
That the inheritance may be ours ( ινα ημων γενητα η κληρονομια ). That the inheritance may become ( γενητα, second aorist middle subjunctive of γινομα ). Here Mt 21:39 has σχωμεν "let us get, ingressive aorist active subjunctive." Cf. εχωμεν, present subjunctive of the same verb εχω in Ro 5:1; Mr 12:7 has "and it will be ours" ( εστα ).
God forbid ( μη γενοιτο ). Optative of wish about the future with μη. Literally,
may it not happen. No word "God" in the Greek. This was the pious protest of the defeated members of the Sanhedrin who began to see the turn of the parable against themselves.
He looked upon them ( εμβλεψας αυτοις ). Not in Mark and Matthew. First aorist active participle of εμβλεπω, to look on. It was a piercing glance. The scripture quoted is from Ps 118:22 and is in Mr 11:10; Mt 21:42, which see for the inverted attraction of the case λιθον (stone) to that of the relative ον (which).
Shall be broken to pieces ( συνθλασθησετα ). Future passive indicative of συνθλαω, a rather late compound, only here in the N.T. unless Mt 21:44 is genuine. It means to shatter.
Will scatter him as dust ( λικμησε ). From λικμαω, an old verb to winnow and then to grind to powder. Only here in the N.T. unless in Mt 21:44 is genuine, which see.
To lay hands on him ( επιβαλειν επ' αυτον τας χειρας ). Second aorist active infinitive of επιβαλλω, an old verb and either transitively as here or intransitively as in Mr 4:37. Vivid picture here where Mr 12:12; Mt 21:46 has "to seize" ( κρατησα ).
In that very hour ( εν αυτη τη ωρα ). Luke's favourite idiom, in the hour itself. Not in Mark or Matthew and shows that the Sanhedrin were angry enough to force the climax then.
And they feared ( κα εφοβηθησαν ). Adversative use of κα = but they feared. Hence they refrained.
For they perceived ( εγνωσαν γαρ ). The reason for their rage. Second aorist active indicative of γινωσκω.
Against them ( προς αυτους ). As in Mr 12:12. The cap fitted them and they saw it.
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