Luke 8:5-9
His seed ( τον σπορον αυτου ). Peculiar to Luke.Was trodden under foot ( κατεπατηθη ). First aorist passive indicative of καταπατεω. Peculiar to Luke here.
Of the heavens ( του ουρανου ). Added in Luke.
Upon the rock ( επ την πετραν ). Mr 4:5 "the rocky ground" ( επ το πετρωδες ), Mt 13:5 "the rocky places.
As soon as it grew ( φυεν ). Second aorist passive participle of φυω, an old verb to spring up like a sprout.
Withered away ( εξηρανθη ). First aorist passive indicative of ζηραινω, old verb, to dry up.
Moisture ( ικμαδα ). Here only in the N.T., though common word.
Amidst the thorns ( εν μεσω των ακανθων ). Mr 4:7 has εις (among) and Mt 13:7 has επ "upon."
Grew with it ( συνφυεισα ). Same participle as φυεν above with συν- (together).
Choked ( απεπνιξαν ). From αποπνιγω, to choke off as in Mt 13:7. In Mr 4:7 the verb is συνεπνιξαν (choked together).
A hundredfold ( εκατονπλασιονα ). Luke omits the thirty and sixty of Mr 4:8; Mt 13:8.
He cried ( εφωνε ). Imperfect active, and in a loud voice, the verb means. The warning about hearing with the ears occurs also in Mr 4:9; Mt 13:9.
Asked ( επηρωτων ). Imperfect of επερωταω ( επ and ερωταω ) where Mr 4:10 has ηρωτων (uncompounded imperfect), both the tense and the use of επ indicate eager and repeated questions on the part of the disciples, perhaps dimly perceiving a possible reflection on their own growth.
What this parable might be ( τις αυτη ειη η παραβολη ). A mistranslation, What this parable was (or meant). The optative ειη is merely due to indirect discourse, changing the indicative εστιν (is) of the direct question to the optative ειη of the indirect, a change entirely with the writer or speaker and without any change of meaning (Robertson, Grammar, pp. 1043f.).
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