Exo 39:6-14 | TSK | e4.org | onyx stones The meaning of the word shoham is not easily determined. It has been variously rendered a beryl, emerald, prasius, sapphire, sardius, ruby, carnelian, onyx, and sardonyx. It may signify both the onyx and sardonyx. The latter stone is a mixture of the chalcedony and carnelian, sometimes in strata, and at other times blended together, and is found striped with white and red strata, or layers. It is generally allowed that there is no real difference, except in hardness, between the carnelian, chalcedony, agate, sardonyx, and onyx. The onyx is of a darkish horny colour, resembling the nail or hoof, from which circumstance it has its name ( ονυξ ). It has often a plate of a blueish white or red in it, and when on one or both sides of this white there appears a plate of a reddish colour, the jewellers call the stone a sardonyx. , , ; ; ouches Mishbetzoth , strait places, sockets, to insert the stones in, from shavatz , to straiten, enclose.

‏ Exodus 39:6-14

onyx stones The meaning of the word shoham is not easily determined. It has been variously rendered a beryl, emerald, prasius, sapphire, sardius, ruby, carnelian, onyx, and sardonyx. It may signify both the onyx and sardonyx. The latter stone is a mixture of the chalcedony and carnelian, sometimes in strata, and at other times blended together, and is found striped with white and red strata, or layers. It is generally allowed that there is no real difference, except in hardness, between the carnelian, chalcedony, agate, sardonyx, and onyx. The onyx is of a darkish horny colour, resembling the nail or hoof, from which circumstance it has its name (ονυξ). It has often a plate of a blueish white or red in it, and when on one or both sides of this white there appears a plate of a reddish colour, the jewellers call the stone a sardonyx. Exod 25:7, Exod 28:9, Exod 35:9; Job 28:16; Ezek 28:13

ouches Mishbetzoth, strait places, sockets, to insert the stones in, from shavatz, to straiten, enclose.

a memorial Exod 28:12, Exod 28:29; Josh 4:7; Neh 2:20; Mark 14:9, Mark 14:22-25

Exod 25:7, Exod 28:4, Exod 28:13-29; Lev 8:8-9; Ps 89:28; Isa 59:17; Eph 6:14

the first row Exod 28:16-17, Exod 28:21; Rev 21:19-21

sardius or, ruby

a diamond Exod 28:18; Ezek 28:13; The word yahalom may mean the diamond, from halam, to beat, smite, because of its extreme hardness, by which it will beat to pieces the other stones. It is a fine pellucid substance never debased with any admixture of other matter; susceptible of elegant tinges from metal-line particles; giving fire with steel; not fermenting with acid menstrua; scarcely calcinable by any degree of fire; and of one simple and permanent appearance in all lights. It is the hardest and most valuable of all gems; when pure, perfectly clear and pellucid as the clearest water, and eminently distinguished from all other substances by its vivid splendour, and the brightness of its reflections.

a ligure Leshem, the ligure, the same as the jacinth, or hyacinth, a precious stone of a deep red, with a considerable tinge of yellow. Theophrastus and Pliny say it resembles the carbuncle, of a brightness sparkling like fire.

an agate Shevo, the agate, a semi-pellucid compound gem, formed of different simple minerals, as chalcedony, cornelian, jasper. horn-stone, quartz, amethyst, opal, etc.; joined irregularly or in layers. It is of a white, reddish, yellowish, or greenish ground; and so variously figured in its substance as to represent plants, trees, animals, and other objects.

an amethyst Achlamah, an amethyst, a transparent gem, composed of a strong blue and deep red; and according as either prevails, affording different tinges of purple, sometimes approaching to violet, and sometimes even fading to a pale rose colour.

a beryl Tarshish, a pellucid gem, of a sea or blueish green colour.

a jasper Yaspeh, the jasper, a hard stone, of which there are not less than fifteen varieties of colour, as green, red, yellow, brown, black, etc.

Rev 21:12